In 2015, the Canadian Standards Association adopted and published a series of CAN/CSA – ISO 17225 Solid Biofuels Standards based on the harmonization of European and ISO standards. The objective of the series, as stated…
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Ethanol as a Fuel
Interest in ethanol as fuel continues to rise. Most of the gasoline now sold in the United States is blended with some amount of fuel ethanol. These blends are named by their ethanol content. For…
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Gas Fermentation
Gas-liquid fermentation, or gas fermentation, as it is sometimes called, can be a very versatile unit operation. It can be used to make fuels (aka biofuels), beverages, drugs, industrial enzymes, foods, yeast, monomers, etc. Fermentation…
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Non-Recyclable Plastic Experts
What are non-recyclable plastic experts? Currently, less than 20% of plastic wastes are recycled or converted to a type of alternative energy, and about 15% is converted to power. Most of the rest ends up…
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Lignin Expert
What does a lignin expert or lignin consultant do? Lignin is a constituent of the cell walls of almost all dry land plant cells. It is the world’s second most abundant natural polymer, surpassed only…
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Recycling Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol
Can we recycle carbon dioxide? New promising options exist to recycle carbon dioxide to ethanol. In fact, the capture and recycle of carbon dioxide into usable fuels is becoming big business. So, how does it…
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FSMA Compliance
What does FSMA Compliance entail? Though the Food Safety Modernization Act (or “FSMA”) was signed into law on January 04, 2011, it has taken many years for all the rules to be written and implemented. …
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First Generation and Second Generation Biofuels
First generation biofuels are those made from sugar, starch, or vegetable oil. Their feedstocks are those that may not be sustainable or might have an impact on food if used in large quantities. These original…
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Low Carbon Technologies
When we speak of “low carbon technologies”, we are referring to those that will produce power with vastly lower amounts of emissions than from conventional fossil fuels. These low carbon technologies might include such as…
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Optimization of Aerobic Fermentation
As most renewable energy and power companies know, power consumption during aerobic fermentation is one of the major operating costs. At any given point in the process, there are many combinations of airflow and agitation…
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