Carbon dioxide (C02), is a colorless and odorless gas that occurs in nature and serves as a source of carbon for photosynthesis in all plants and crops. CO2 utilization’ refers to its use at concentrations…
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Collection of Landfill Gas or Biogas
Biogas results from the metabolic activity of microorganisms on organic matter. It is created in the biological processes in sewage treatment plants, waste landfills, and livestock manure management systems. Landfill gas is a type of…
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Cellulosic Ethanol Experts
Cellulosic ethanol is a biofuel produced from the fibrous cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of herbaceous (switchgrass, corn stover, miscanthus) or woody biomass, as opposed to a plant’s seeds or fruit, and the cellulosic ethanol expert…
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Food Waste To Energy Expert
The food Waste to Energy area includes a variety of technologies consisting of several different thermochemical or biological methods of generating energy from food waste materials. Popular commercial applications include composting and anaerobic digestion for…
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Circular v. Linear Economy
What is a circular economy? How is it different from a linear economy? Why is the distinction important? A circular economy is one in which we attempt to minimize waste and make the most of our…
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Wastewater Plant Energy Balance
Wastewater treatment plants are significant energy consumers, with energy input being the electricity, fuel, and chemicals required for plant operation, and energy output being biogas, heat, and electricity produced by the plant. If the energy…
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Green Ammonia
What is green ammonia? Ammonia is a pungent gas that is widely used to make agricultural fertilizers. The process of making ammonia is generally not a “green” process, as it is most commonly made from…
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Torrefaction Expert
What is torrefaction and what does a torrefaction expert do? Torrefaction is the roasting of any solid biomass in an inert atmosphere with some of the volatile components of the feedstock being driven off in…
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Biocatalysis Expert
Biocatalysis is the use of enzymes as catalysts. Unfortunately, the word “biocatalysis” often seems to invoke the thought that the principles of chemistry and thermodynamics are somehow different because a biological entity is being used….
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Feedstock Costs
“Low-cost feedstock” is a common term in the bioeconomy, with many simply equating this to “waste”. There was a time when restaurants paid to ship out their waste cooking oils and greases. While most restaurants…
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