Municipal solid waste (MSW) is the waste that human activities generate and originates from our communities, households, and commercial/institutional buildings. Some two billion tons of MSW are generated globally each year, with about one-third coming…
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Using Biomass to Produce Energy
Using biomass to produce energy makes sense because biomass and biofuels made from biomass are alternative energy sources to fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Thus, while burning fossil fuels or biomass does release carbon…
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Gasification Technologies
In gasification technology selection, a necessary initial step is to narrow the search down to a smaller subset of gasification technologies that best match the application and have achieved the necessary technology readiness level (TRL). …
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Biofuels Co-Products: Animal Feed
A significant portion of biofuels co-products is in the area of animal feed – often livestock feeding. Does this naturally raise the question as to whether there is a difference between animal-grade and human-grade food…
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The Industrial State of Biofuels Technologies
By Dr. Gerald Kutney, Lee Enterprises Consulting A myriad of biofuel technologies exist, but which ones are truly industrial processes? The question is not always easy to answer. And one must define what is meant by…
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Biomass Pyrolysis Comes of Age
By Dr. Lorenz Bauer, Lee Enterprises Consulting After many years of development biomass pyrolysis is finally maturing as a commercial technology. Pyrolysis is not incineration. The goal is to use heat in the absence of oxygen…
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Celebrating Canada’s 150th: A Short History of the Biofuel Industry in Canada
By Dr. Gerald Kutney, Lee Enterprises Consulting The 150th anniversary of Confederation on July 1st is a time to reflect upon the country’s achievements; this article covers the evolution of the Canadian biofuel industry – including…
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Gasification Consultant
Gasification is a process that involves heating biomass or other organic carbonaceous feedstocks to a temperature of > 700 ₒC without combusting the feedstock by starving the material of oxygen. A gasification consultant is an…
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Biofuels Agitation Expert
Agitation is a crucial part of any biofuels process. This means having the right agitation equipment and making sure it operates properly. A biofuels agitation expert is one who consults with clients on the design…
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Hydrothermal Upgrading
What is hydrothermal upgrading? Water above 100 °C changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase. One can change the temperature boundary by changing the pressure – a low pressure lowers the boiling point,…
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