Foaming During Fermentation

by Greg Benz, P.E. In aerobic fermentation, a frequent issue is the tendency for an aerated liquid to generate foam. In extreme cases, the foam can be so severe as to render the fermenter inoperable…
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Sustainable Aviation Fuel: Challenges of Scale

By Tony Cartolano, Lee Enterprises Consulting In 2021, the US Department of Energy announced its Sustainable Aviation Fuel Grand Challenge.[1] The intent was to supply at least three billion gallons of SAF per year by 2030 and to…
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Biomass Derived 2G Sugars to Lipids for SAF

Biomass-derived 2G sugars can be converted to lipids, which can bolster the HEFA feedstock reservoir for SAF production. This conversion process is known as lipid synthesis, and it involves the conversion of 2G sugars into…
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Agricultural Residue -The Future of Optimizing Biorefineries

Agricultural residue-derived nanocellulose has the potential to be a key component of recarbonizing materials and optimizing biorefinery business cases. Nanocellulose is a light solid substance obtained from plant matter which comprises nanosized cellulose fibrils.  It can…
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Alternative Proteins – Bioreactors

Bioreactors play a crucial role in the production of alternative proteins, which are plant-based, insect-based, or lab-grown protein sources that aim to replace traditional animal-based protein sources. Bioreactors are used to cultivate microorganisms, such as…
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BPA and Plastics

BPA (Bisphenol A), is a chemical widely used to make hard, clear plastics. Its strength, structural stability, and light weight have made it excellent for use in things like eyeglasses and water bottles.  However, BPA…
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Biotechnology in Renewable Energy

Biotechnology plays a vital role in the development of renewable energy sources. Biotechnology can help to produce biofuels, a renewable source of energy.  These biofuels are derived from plant-based materials such as corn, sugarcane, and…
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