Daren E. Daugaard, PhD, PE, Lee Enterprise Consulting Since its inception over 4,000 years ago, steel has been the foundation of global modernization in building construction, transportation, and manufacturing. Steel and iron production ranks first…
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Foaming During Fermentation
by Greg Benz, P.E. In aerobic fermentation, a frequent issue is the tendency for an aerated liquid to generate foam. In extreme cases, the foam can be so severe as to render the fermenter inoperable…
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Agricultural Residue -The Future of Optimizing Biorefineries
Agricultural residue-derived nanocellulose has the potential to be a key component of recarbonizing materials and optimizing biorefinery business cases. Nanocellulose is a light solid substance obtained from plant matter which comprises nanosized cellulose fibrils. It can…
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Alternative Proteins – Bioreactors
Bioreactors play a crucial role in the production of alternative proteins, which are plant-based, insect-based, or lab-grown protein sources that aim to replace traditional animal-based protein sources. Bioreactors are used to cultivate microorganisms, such as…
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Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Fuel cells use the chemical energy of hydrogen or other fuels to cleanly and efficiently produce electricity. If hydrogen is the fuel, the only products are electricity, water, and heat, i.e., they convert hydrogen to…
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Renewable Hydrogen
Renewable hydrogen is produced by a process known as electrolysis, where an electric current splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. If the electricity is produced by renewable sources like solar, wind, or biofuels, the resulting…
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Commercialization of Biofuels Technology
Commercialization of Biofuels Technology refers to the process that transforms a biofuels technology from concept into a profitable biofuels’ technology operating entity. Inventors and their investors must convert their concepts into commercial success to achieve…
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Anaerobic Digesters: Methane Formation
Anaerobic Digesters: Methane Formation. The inter-microbial distances influence the biodegradation rates and specific growth in the formation of Methane. The microorganisms that form methane are physiological. They can grow only with a few specific substrates,…
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Sustainability in Today’s World
A sustainability mindset has taken hold as people are more concerned than ever before about the environment. Studies are showing that companies that embrace sustainability see their value increase, in terms of profits, staff retention,…
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The 30-30 Rule: Lessons from the Field in Wood Power
By Charles Loos, P.E., Lee Enterprises Consulting From an operations standpoint, a wood-fired power plant can be described as a fuel handling system first, and a power plant second. The biggest challenges stem from the fuel…
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