Sometimes we think of fermentation in terms preserving foods or producing alcoholic beverages or acidic dairy products. But the term “fermentation” encompasses much. Fermentation waste treatment is the production of chemical changes in wastes via some enzymatic action. This is normally done to make the waste into a useable product like biofuels. Just as…
Cellulosic Hydrolysis Reactors? Cellulosic materials, such as corn stover, cane, switchgrass, timber waste, municipal solid waste, etc., can be processed into fuels and renewable chemicals. Broadly speaking, there are two main methods: pyrolysis and hydrolysis. The former is relatively independent of feedstock but happens at high temperatures and may have yield losses due to breakdown…
Bio-processing may involve aerobic fermentation, whereas ethanol and chemicals from starches and lignocellulosic materials are generally anaerobic processes. Aerobic fermentation is a metabolic process by which cells metabolize sugars via fermentation in the presence of oxygen and occurs through the repression of normal respiratory metabolism. Aerobic fermentation occurs in the presence of oxygen. It usually…
“Good Manufacturing Practices” (GMPs) is a term describing a body of regulations promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These are listed in the Code of Federal Regulations under part 21; they are numerous, extensive, and complex. As a result, there exists a myriad of very similar definitions which attempt to describe the entirety…
What does a biochar expert do? First, let’s define biochar. Biochar is the carbonaceous material produced by combustion of biomass. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years. It can be considered a method of sequestering carbon and has been shown to improve crop yields. It…
Despite the many positive benefits to using plastics and the impact they have had on daily life, they currently seem to have more of a negative reputation and plastic recycling has become a booming business. This is due largely in part to mismanagement of plastic waste. While much of the plastic waste is landfilled, a…
As a greener planet and sustainable future would appear to be something everyone should agree on, the question becomes why biofuels project funding is not a given. Why do many bioenergy projects, even very good ones, not get the funding they need? Undoubtedly, there are many reasons that failures to obtain financing occur, but some…
What does a bio-coal (biocoal) expert or consultant do? Biocoal is another word for torrefied wood. Biocoal is a relatively new type of energy, produced via fast pyrolysis coupled with an atmospheric distillation process. The key advantage to bio-coal is its ability to be used with little or no modification and the high heating values…