As the name implies, integrated energy planning involves the integration of different sectors of energy like petroleum, coal, natural gas, and renewables – normally to produce electricity, heat or transportation fuels. Integrated energy planning includes…
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Hot Prospects for Chemicals from Biomass
Chemicals from Biomass? A major theme of 21st Century industrial development will be replacement of fossil resources by renewable resources in the production of fuels and chemicals. Due to their massive scale and cost, the…
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Hydrothermal Upgrading
What is hydrothermal upgrading? Water above 100 °C changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase. One can change the temperature boundary by changing the pressure – a low pressure lowers the boiling point,…
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Methane
Methane (CH4) is a chemical compound with one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen. It is the simplest alkane and is the main constituent of natural gas. The abundance of methane makes it an…
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Cellulosic Agricultural Residue
Cellulosic agricultural residue is a broad term used to discuss cellulose based residues left after the harvest of a primary agricultural crop. These include everything that we would traditionally think of, such as corn stover,…
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Environmental Compliance for Bio Facilities
Environmental compliance has become an increasingly significant part of bio facility operations and planning. Frequently, the operation of a facility is dependent on complying with regulatory programs and laws at both the state and federal…
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Air Permitting in Bio Projects
Air Permitting in Bio Projects? Renewable energy resources are all around us. You may have passed by a windmill, a solar farm, an oilseed processing/biodiesel facility, or a biofuel facility – all of these are sources…
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Feedstocks: Agricultural
Agricultural Feedstocks for the renewable energy industry include starch and sugar crops (e.g., corn, sorghum), grass crops (e.g., switch grass, miscanthus), oil crops (e.g., soybean, sunflowers), and crop residues (e.g., corn stover, corn cobs, nut…
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Green Energy Consulting
What is green energy consulting? Green energy is defined as energy that comes from natural sources like sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae, and geothermal heat. These energy resources are renewable, meaning they are naturally…
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CO2 Utilization
CO2 Utilization? Concern over the increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and its effect on global climate change has increased the awareness and investigations for reducing CO2 emissions. Nearly half of all CO2 emitted will…
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