Anaerobic Digesters: Methane Formation. The inter-microbial distances influence the biodegradation rates and specific growth in the formation of Methane. The microorganisms that form methane are physiological. They can grow only with a few specific substrates,…
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Waste to Energy Technology
Waste-to-energy technology (WTE) refers to processes that convert trash – municipal solid wastes (MSW), agricultural wastes, medical or process wastes– into usable energy, such as electricity, heat, or steam. A variety of methods are used…
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Renewable Hydrogen
Renewable hydrogen is produced by a process known as electrolysis, where an electric current splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. If the electricity is produced by renewable sources like solar, wind, or biofuels, the resulting…
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MSW Biofuels
Are MSW biofuels feasible? Can we use MSW as a feedstock for biofuels production? The answer is a resounding “yes”. Municipal solid waste (MSW) includes lots of different items like paper, food, yard trimmings, plastics, metals,…
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Pulp and Paper Experts
The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood as the raw material to produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and other cellulose-based products. Paper is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, packaging, decorating,…
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Creating Value from Landfill Gas
Creating Value from Landfill Gas? Landfills contain a toxic stew of biomass materials from old tires to food wastes to animal manure. It is literally the bottom of the rubbish barrel. The US EPA estimates…
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Biofuels Co-Products: Animal Feed
A significant portion of biofuels co-products is in the area of animal feed – often livestock feeding. Does this naturally raise the question as to whether there is a difference between animal-grade and human-grade food…
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An Overview of the Biochar and Activated Carbon Markets
Activated carbon markets? Biochar is an emerging market; growing rapidly, still in its infancy, but with gigaton market potential when we, as in humanity, start addressing the climate crisis. Activated carbons are a mature market…
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CAN/CSA-ISO 17225 Solid Biofuels Standards for Forest Biomass
In 2015, the Canadian Standards Association adopted and published a series of CAN/CSA – ISO 17225 Solid Biofuels Standards based on the harmonization of European and ISO standards. The objective of the series, as stated…
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Ethanol as a Fuel
Interest in ethanol as fuel continues to rise. Most of the gasoline now sold in the United States is blended with some amount of fuel ethanol. These blends are named by their ethanol content. For…
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