Biogas is a gas mixture developed from naturally occurring processes in nature. Basically, bacteria that exist in our world digest organic material, and the by-product of their digestion is biogas. Biogas is a mixture mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, but invariably contains many other compounds. Some of the more significant compounds are considered contaminates,…
Given the ideal circumstances, landfills offer good biogas conversion to RNG possibilities. Landfills produce a very large volume of biogas that can be converted to Renewable Natural Gas. Landfills are typically very large, and when they have been designed to efficiently retrieve the generated biogas from the landfill, it is usually a very large volume,…
Biogas from Landfills? A permanent fixture in today’s world, landfills typically have been open pit repositories for local waste, and in some cases, retired, and covered. However, the biological reactions in these landfills create a marketable biogas that can be useful to the owner. However, the consideration of taking a raw biogas from landfills and…
Genetically modified trees have been extensively academically explored as ideal feedstocks for pulp/paper and cellulosic ethanol. Novel trees include modifications that increase cellulose content, reduce lignin content, and even change lignin monolignol ratios. However, companies considering investing in these engineered managed forests need to examine technoeconomic feasibility prior to adoption. Specific attention to regulations, site…
A sewage treatment expert is one who can assist with the process of removing contaminants from municipal wastewater coming mainly from household sewage and industrial wastewater. There are several physical, chemical, and biological processes that are used to remove contaminants to produce a treated wastewater, called treated effluent, in a form that is safe enough…
Agricultural Feedstocks for the renewable energy industry include starch and sugar crops (e.g., corn, sorghum), grass crops (e.g., switch grass, miscanthus), oil crops (e.g., soybean, sunflowers), and crop residues (e.g., corn stover, corn cobs, nut shells). Agricultural feedstocks can create sustainable paths by using marginal croplands to generate energy products, and by adding value or…
A stage gate approach (also known as a phase-gate or waterfall approach) is a common project management technique in which a project is divided into phases or stages that are separated by decision making points known as gates). At each “gate” the decision is made as to whether to stop, move forward with the existing scope, schedule,…
The world of renewable diesel feedstocks is key to the emerging markets for hydrotreated oil and fats. The world runs on about 240 million mt per year (tpy) of fats and oils. There is some 10% or double counting as virgin oils and fats that used in cooking often return to the world market at…