Burning Wood for Energy
Is burning wood for energy a good idea? Certainly, using wood, wood pellets, and charcoal for heating and cooking can replace fossil fuels and may result in lower CO2 emissions overall. Also, wood can be harvested from forests and woodlots that must be thinned, or from urban trees that fall or must be cut down. However, wood smoke contains harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide and particulate matter. It is true that modern wood-burning stoves, pellet stoves, and fireplace inserts can reduce the amount of particulates emitted from burning wood, and while wood and charcoal are major cooking and heating fuels in poorer countries, we must be very careful not to harvest wood faster than trees can grow as it causes deforestation. Because burning wood releases about 75 percent more CO₂ than natural gas, efficient gas furnaces or fireplace inserts will emit only around half to two-thirds as much CO₂ per unit of heat as the best wood stoves, while natural gas emits far less toxic material than even the cleanest wood stoves. Thus, as we plan for the future, we need to consider all alternatives, and where wood is necessary, we must plant faster-growing trees for fuel and cooking stoves so we can slow deforestation and improve the environment.
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